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美国数字国防公司正在迅速兴起，在情报收集、指挥控制、军事打击与后勤支援等方面掌握着一定的军事能力。全球地缘政治形势趋于严峻、私人资本的大量涌入以及美国数字国防公司独特的研发经营模式，是其兴起的主要原因。数字国防公司与美国国家安全部门的互动日益频繁。这表现在三个方面：它们正在参与美国重要领域的国家安全能力建设；美国国家安全部门改革自身采办制度以深化与它们的合作；它们与美国国家安全部门之间的“旋转门”开始形成。数字国防公司逐渐成为美国国内新兴的“数字-安全复合体”重要组成部分。美国数字国防公司的兴起虽然有助于推动美军能力建设模式的转型，但增加了中国面临的安全风险，同时加剧了新兴技术治理复杂性并冲击传统军事伦理。
Abstract：Digital defense companies in the United States are rapidly emerging and have acquired notable military capabilities in intelligence collection, command and control, military strike, and logistical support. This rise is driven primarily by the increasingly severe global geopolitical environment, the large inflow of private capital, and the distinctive R&D and business models adopted by these firms. Their interactions with U. S. national security agencies have increased in three principal ways: they are participating in the development of national security capabilities in critical domains; U.S. national security agencies are reforming their procurement systems to deepen cooperation with them; and a "revolving door" between these companies and government entities is beginning to take shape. As a result, digital defense companies are becoming an important component of a new domestic "digital-security complex" the United States. While their rise facilitates a transformation in the U.S. military's capability-building model, it simultaneously heightens security risks for China, increases the complexity of emerging-technology governance, and challenges traditional military ethics.
(1)目前对美国数字公司的相关研究较为丰富，但多针对商业市场为主营市场的数字公司，如微软、谷歌、OpenAI等。对于以国防市场为主营市场的数字国防公司的研究相对有限，大体可以分为两类：一是从国家安全部门创新生态、采办或者数字化项目出发，此类研究会提到数字国防公司在其中扮演的角色，如Brodi Kotila et al.，“Strengthening the Defense Innovation Ecosystem”, Rand,March 7, 2023, https：//www. rand. org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA1300/RRA1352-1/RAND_RRA1352-1.pdf; N. Peter Whitehead et al.，“A Framework for Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Digital Engineering”, Rand, March 13, 2024, https：//www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA2400/RRA2418-1/RAND_RRA2418-1.pdf；二是针对某知名数字国防公司展开研究，探讨其创新模式、产品效能、安全风险等，帕兰蒂尔、安杜里尔等知名数字国防公司成为主要的研究对象，如Iliadis Andrew and Acker Amelia，“The Seer And The Seen:Surveying Palantir’s Surveillance Platform”, The Information Society, Vol. 38, Issue 5, 2022, pp. 334-363; Lena Ulbricht and Simon Egbert，“In Palantir We Trust? Regulation of Data Analysis Platforms in Public Security”, Big Data&Society, Vol.11, Issue. 3, 2024, pp.1-15; David T. Caldwell，“Defense Innovation at an Inflection Point:The Rise of New Primes like Anduril and the Changing Military-Tech Ecosystem”, Open Access Cases, Vol. 1, Issue. 4, November 31, 2024, pp.13-28。
(1)如2022、2023、2024年美国国防部向国会提交的关于中国军事发展的官方年度报告均有提及，Department of Defense，“Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2024”, 2024, https：//media. defense. gov/2024/Dec/18/2003615520/-1/-1/0/MILITARY-ANDSECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA-2024. PDF;Department of Defense，“Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China2023”, 2023, https：//media.defense.gov/2023/Oct/19/2003323409/-1/-1/1/2023-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA. PDF; Department of Defense，“Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2022”,2022, https：//navyleaguehonolulu.org/maritime-security/ewExternalFiles/2022-military-and-security-developments-involving-the-peoples-republic-of-china.pdf。
(2)Justin Krauss，“Tapping the United States'Greatest Weapon:Innovation”, J.P. Morgan, September 20, 2024, https：//www.jpmorgan.com/insights/investing/investment-trends/defense-tech-innovation-and-the-role-of-startups.
(3)Sharon Weinberger and Heather Somerville，“Tech Bros Are Betting They Can Help Win a War With China”, The Wall Street Journal, August 9, 2024, https：//www.wsj.com/tech/anduril-drones-palmer-luckey-china-ukraine-china-951494ec?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=ASWzDAjM5Y3WyPQ8LSwJKQg9-pKisdljJqBEEdX6i5V-n0mCI9hc_n9h8V4Wh4_eGA%3D%3D&gaa_ts=6885e376&gaa_sig=13sHyNZB7ddumTHALWP8N6U_4op9N5267uEW_tVa1Q3P2d0jfQyCghWhyfqtPQEJC3q1Jfd5UFfJ7grFEkEatw%3D%3D.
(4)Dylan Thomas and Karl Angelo Vidal，“Venture Capital Bets on Defense Sector; US Pensions Lag on Private Debt”, S&P Global, September 13, 2024, https：//www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2024/9/venture-capital-bets-on-defense-sector-us-pensions-lag-on-private-debt-83275225?utm.
(1)Dylan Thomas and Neel Hiteshbhai Bharucha，“PE Defense Investment Surges in Early 2025as Geopolitics Drives Change”, S&P Global, March 21, 2025, https：//spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2025/3/pe-defense-investment-surges-in-early-2025-as-geopolitics-drives-change-88086420?utm.
(2)Dylan Thomas and Neel Hiteshbhai Bharucha，“PE Defense Investment Surges in Early 2025as Geopolitics Drives Change”.
(3)Krystal Hu, Anna Tong and Kenrick Cai，“Andreessen Horowitz Seeks to Raise20 Billion Megafund Amid Global Interest in US AI Startups”, Reuters, April 8, 2025, https：//www.reuters.com/business/finance/andreessen-horowitz-seeks-raise-20-billion-megafund-amid-global-interest-us-ai-2025-04-08/？utm.
(4)Margaux MacColl，“More Ex-military Officials are Becoming VCs as Defense Tech Investment Reached35B”, Techcrunch, July 10, 2024, https：//techcrunch.com/2024/07/10/ex-military-officials-becoming-vcs-defense-tech-investment-reached-35-billion/？utm.
(5)“Lockheed Martin Doubles The Size Of Venture Capital Fund To400 Million”, Lockheed Martin, August 2, 2022, https：//news. lockheedmartin. com/2022-08-02-Lockheed-Martin-DoublesSize-of-Venture-Capital-Fund-to-400-million?utm.
(1)“RTX Ventures Partners with Hypersonic Aircraft Startup to Accelerate Innovation in the Aerospace and Defense Sectors”, RTX, May 12, 2022, https：//www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2022/05/12/raytheon-technologies-venture-capital-group-invests-in-hermeus.
(2)“Space and Defense Tech Firm Voyager Raises382.8 Million in US IPO”, Reuters, June12, 2025, https：//www.reuters.com/technology/space-defense-tech-firm-voyager-raises-3828-millionus-ipo-2025-06-10/？utm; Rosie Bradbury，“With Voyager’s 82%IPO Pop, Defense Tech VCs See a Bright Future for Liquidity”, Pitch Book, June 12, 2025, https：//pitchbook.com/news/articles/withvoyagers-82-ipo-pop-defense-tech-vcs-see-a-bright-future-for-liquidity?utm.
(3)Dan Steinbock，“The Challenges for America’s Defense Innovation”, ITIF, November 2014,https：//www2.itif.org/2014-defense-rd.pdf?utm.
(4)“Annual Report. Form 10-K. United States Securities and Exchange Commission”, C3.AI,Inc, 2024, https：//www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1577526/000162828024028786/ai-20240430.htm.
(1)“Rebooting the Arsenal of Democracy:Anduril Mission Document”, Anduril Industries, June6, 2022, https：//blog. anduril. com/rebooting-the-arsenal-of-democracy-anduril-mission-document-67fdbf442799.
(2)United States Patent and Trademark Office，“Information Service for Facts Extracted from Differing Sources on A Wide Area Network”, June 18, 2013, https：//patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/30/b3/59/3962dad73dc349/US8468153.pdf.
(3)“Threat Intelligence Contract With50 Million Ceiling Kicks Off With Task Order for U.S.Cyber Command”, Record Future, February 20, 2020, https：//www.recordedfuture.com/press-releases/20200220-2?utm.
(4)“ODNI Selects Recorded Future as Intelligence Cornerstone for Sentinel Horizon”, Record Future, October 25, 2024, https：//www.recordedfuture.com/press-releases/odni-selects-recorded-futureiIntelligence-cornerstone-sentinel-horizon?utm.
(5)“Capella Space Awarded a15M Contract with the U.S. Air Force”, Capella Space, September 16, 2024, https：//www. capellaspace. com/press-releases/capella-space-awarded-a-15m-contractwith-the-u-s-air-force?utm.
(1)“Palantir Empowers Intelligence Agencies to Securely Derive Actionable Insights from Sensitive Data and Achieve Their Most Challenging Operational Objectives”, Palantir, https：//www.palantir.com/offerings/intelligence/；“Gotham”, Palantir, https：//www.palantir.com/platforms/gotham/.
(2)Defense Innovation Unit，“DIU's Thunderforge Project to Integrate Commercial AI-Powered Decision-Making for Operational and Theater-Level Planning”, March 5, 2025, https：//www.diu.mil/latest/dius-thunderforge-project-to-integrate-commercial-ai-powered-decision-making? utm; Sydney Freedberg，“AI for War Plans:Pentagon Innovation Shop Taps Scale AI to Build‘Thunderforge’ Prototype”, Breaking Defense, March 5, 2025, https：//breakingdefense.com/2025/03/ai-for-war-plans-pentagon-innovation-shop-taps-scale-ai-to-build-thunderforge-prototype/？utm.
(3)“Introducing Thunderforge:AI for American Defense”, Scale, March 5, 2025, https：//scale.com/blog/thunderforge-ai-for-american-defense; Jon Harper，“Combatant Commands to Get New Generative AI Tech for Operational Planning, Wargamin”, Defense Scoop, March 5, 2025, https：//defensescoop.com/2025/03/05/diu-thunderforge-scale-ai-combatant-commands-indopacom-eucom/.
(1)“Palantir Awarded111m Contract to Provide Mission Command Platform for the United States Special Operations Command”, Palantir, May 28, 2021, https：//www.palantir.com/newsroom/press-releases/palantir-ussocom-award-mission-command-platform/？utm.
(2)“U.S. Special Operations Command Expands Contract with Palantir to Deliver Advanced AI and Mission Manager Capabilities”, Palantir, December 9, 2024, https：//investors.palantir.com/newsdetails/2024/U. S.-Special-Operations-Command-Expands-Contract-with-Palantir-to-Deliver-Advanced-AI-and-Mission-Manager-Capabilities/.
(3)“The Enemy Gets a Vote. Epirus is Your Veto”, Epirus, https：//www.epirusinc.com/electronic-warfare.
(4)“U.S. Army Awards Epirus66.1M Contract for LeonidasTM Directed Energy System”, Epirus,https：//www. epirusinc. com/press-releases/u-s-army-awards-epirus-66-1m-contract-for-leonidas-tmdirected-energy-system?utm; Jen Judson，“Army gets first high-power microwave prototype to counter drone swarms”, Defense News, November 1, 2023, https：//www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/2023/11/01/army-gets-first-high-power-microwave-prototype-to-counter-drone-swarms/.
(5)“AI-Enabled System Facilitates Rapid Response to Enemy Drones”, Citadel, September 15,2024, https：//centcomcitadel.com/en_GB/articles/ssc/features/2024/09/15/feature-01?utm.
(1)“Red Team Tools for Government and Public Sector”, Cobalt Strike, https：//www.cobaltstrike.com/industry/government?utm.
(2)“US Defense Department Awards C3.AI95M Contract Vehicle to Improve Aircraft Readiness Using AI”, C3.AI, January 15, 2020, https：//c3.ai/us-defense-department-awards-c3-ai-95m-contractvehicle-to-improve-aircraft-readiness-using-ai/？utm；“United States Air Force RSO Selects C3.AI as Strategic AI Platform”, C3.AI, September 2, 2020, https：//c3.ai/united-states-air-force-rso-selectsc3-ai-as-strategic-ai-platform/？utm; Defense Innovation Unit，“C3. AI, Inc.-Predictive Maintenance”, 2019, https：//www.diu.mil/solutions/portfolio/catalog/a0Tt0000009En6aEAC-a0ht000000AYgyGAAT?utm.
(1)“Palantir Selected by Army Materiel Command to Support Prognostic and Predictive Maintenance Requirements”, Palantir Technologies Inc., October 6, 2022, https：//www.palantir.com/newsroom/press-releases/palantir-selected-by-army-materiel-command/？utm；“Palantir Foundry:The Ontology-Powered Operating System for the Modern Enterprise”, Palantir, https：//www.palantir.com/platforms/foundry/.
(2)“Primer Wins Major Contract with U.S. Air Force”, Primer, April 5, 2022, https：//primer.ai/news/primer-wins-major-contract-with-u-s-air-force/？utm.
(1)“Booz Allen and L3Harris to Accelerate CJADC2 Solution”, Booz Allen, January 10, 2024,https：//www.boozallen.com/menu/media-center/q4-2024/booz-allen-and-l3harris-to-accelerate-cjadc2-solution.html?utm.
(2)Customs and Border Protection，“CBP's Autonomous Surveillance Towers Declared a Program of Record along the Southwest Border”, July 2, 2020, https：//www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-mediarelease/cbp-s-autonomous-surveillance-towers-declared-program-record-along.
(3)“Anduril Deploys 300th Autonomous Surveillance Tower(AST), Advancing Capability for Border Security”, Anduril, September 26, 2024, https：//www. anduril. com/article/anduril-deploys-300th-autonomous-surveillance-tower-ast-advancing-capability-for-border-security/？utm.
(4)“Raytheon Announces Mentorship Agreement with Node. Digital under Homeland Security Mentor-ProtégéProgram”, RTX, July 24, 2023, https：//www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2023/07/24/raytheon-announces-mentorship-agreement-with-node-digital-under-homeland-security.
(1)“RTX and Shield AI Partner to Develop New Defense Capabilities”, RTX, July 1, 2025,https：//www.rtx.com/news/news-center/2025/07/01/rtx-and-shield-ai-partner-to-develop-new-defensecapabilities?utm.
(2)America's Cyber Defense Agency，“CISA, JCDC, Government and Industry Partners Publish AI Cybersecurity Collaboration Playbook”, January 14, 2025, https：//www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/cisajcdc-government-and-industry-partners-publish-ai-cybersecurity-collaboration-playbook?utm; Palantir Technologies, X, January 14, 2025, https：//x.com/PalantirTech/status/1882459305607098800?utm.
(1)Department of Defense，“Report to Congress Restructuring the Department of Defense Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Organization and Chief Management Officer Organization”, August2017, https：//ec.militarytimes.com/static/pdfs/embargoed-section-901-fy-2017-ndaa-report.pdf.
(2)Department of Defense，“CDAO and DIU Launch New Effort Focused on Accelerating DoD Adoption of AI Capabilities”, December 11, 2024, https：//www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3996199/cdao-and-diu-launch-new-effort-focused-on-accelerating-dod-adoption-of-ai-capab/；“Organization”, CDAO, https：//www.ai.mil/About/Organization/.
(3)“Hegseth Declares End of Acquisition System‘As You Know It，’ Tells Contractors to Adapt or‘Fade Away’”, National Defense, November 7, 2025, https：//www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2025/11/7/hegseth-declares-end-of-acquisition-system-as-you-know-it-tells-contractors-to-adapt-orfade-away.
(1)Anduril Industries, X, November 8, 2025, https：//x.com/anduriltech/status/1986948948179779707;Epirus, X, November 8, 2025, https：//x.com/epirus/status/1986872714628338007.
(2)“Echodyne Awarded20M IDIQ Contract from the U. S. Department of Homeland Security(DHS)Customs and Border Protection(CBP)Agency’s Innovation Team”, Echodyne, November 2,2021, https：//www. echodyne. com/resources/news-events/20m-idiq-contract-us-department-of-homeland-security-dhs-customs-and-border-protection-cbp-agency-s-innovation-team.
(3)“Blacksky Awarded Electro-optical Commercial Layer Contract Extension from National Reconnaissance Office”, Blacksky, June 5, 2024, https：//ir.blacksky.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/135/blacksky-awarded-electro-optical-commercial-layer-contract.
(1)Congressional Research Service，“Executive Branch Service and the‘Revolving Door’ in Cabinet Departments:Background and Issues for Congress”, October 7, 2019, https：//www.congress.gov/crs-product/R45946.
(2)Eric Lipton，“New Spin on a Revolving Door:Pentagon Officials Turned Venture Capitalists”,The New York Times, December 13, 2023, https：//www.nytimes.com/2023/12/30/us/politics/pentagonventure-capitalists.html.
(1)“Inside Palantir's Expanding Influence Operation”, Tech Transparency Project, February 7,2025, https：//www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/inside-palantirs-expanding-influence-operation.
(2)“Inside Palantir's Expanding Influence Operation”, Tech Transparency Project.
(1)Department of Defense，“DoD Digital Modernization Strategy”, July 12, 2019, https：//media.defense. gov/2019/jul/12/2002156622/-1/-1/1/dod-digital-modernization-strategy-2019. pdf; Department of Defense，“National Security Strategy”, October 2022, https：//bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Biden-Harris-Administrations-National-Security-Strategy-10.2022.pdf.
(2)Department of Defense，“Department of Defense Software Modernization Strategy”, February2, 2022, https：//media.defense.gov/2022/feb/03/2002932833/-1/-1/1/department-of-defense-softwaremodernization-strategy.pdf?utm.
(3)Department of Defense，“Memorandum for Senior Pentagon Leadership Commanders of Combatant Commands Defense Agency and DoD Field Activity Directors”, March 6, 2025, https：//media.defense. gov/2025/Mar/07/2003662943/-1/-1/1/DIRECTING-MODERN-SOFTWARE-ACQUISITIONTO-MAXIMIZE-LETHALITY.PDF.
(1)“Ghost Shark XL-AUV Arrives in the United States”, Anduril, August 20, 2024, https：//www.anduril.com/article/ghost-shark-xl-auv-arrives-in-the-united-states/.
(2)Rojoef Manuel，“Texas AI Startup to Fast-Track Pentagon’s Digital Overhaul”, The Defense Post, July 17, 2025, https：//thedefensepost.com/2025/07/17/texas-ai-startup-digital-overhaul/.
(3)“US Marines Ready to Fry Enemy Drone Swarms with New Epirus ExDECS Microwave Weapon System”, Defense News Army, April 29, 2025, https：//armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2025/us-marines-ready-to-fry-enemy-drone-swarms-with-new-epirus-exdecs-microwave-weapon-system.
(4)Brandi Vincent，“Air Force Planning for 1,000 Robotic Wingmen”, DefenseScoop, March 7,2023, https：//defensescoop.com/2023/03/07/air-force-planning-for-1000-robotic-wingmen/；丁思齐、魏燕萍：《无人武器与美国对华军事竞争》，载《世界经济与政治论坛》2024年第6期，第61-82页。
(5)Courtney Albon，“Hegseth Calls for Extensive Reforms to Pentagon Drone-buying Practices”,DefenseNews, July 11, 2025, https：//www. defensenews. com/pentagon/2025/07/10/hegseth-calls-forextensive-reforms-to-pentagon-drone-buying-practices/？utm.
(1)Department of Defense，“Hicks Underscores U.S.Innovation in Unveiling Strategy to Counter China's Military Buildup”, August 23, 2023, https：//www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3507514/hicks-underscores-us-innovation-in-unveiling-strategy-to-counter-chinas-militar/.
(2)Department of Defense，“Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks Announces Additional Replicator All-Domain Attritable Autonomous Capabilities”, November 13, 2024, https：//www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3963289/deputy-secretary-of-defense-kathleen-hicks-announces-additional-replicator-all/.
(3)Mark Gunzinger，“Collaborative Combat Aircraft for Disruptive Air Warfare”, Air&Apace Forces Magazine, January 26, 2024, https：//www.airandspaceforces.com/article/collaborative-combat-aircraftfor-disruptive-air-warfare/.
(1)Michael Marrow and Valerie Insinna，“RTX, Shield AI Picked to Give Collaborative Combat Aircraft Autonomous Capabilities”, Breaking Defense, September 23, 2025, https：//breakingdefense.com/2025/09/rtx-shield-ai-picked-to-give-collaborative-combat-aircraft-autonomous-capabilities/？utm.
(2)Cheryl Teh，“Palmer Luckey Says Anduril Has an Internal‘China 27’ Strategy to Prepare for a War over Taiwan”, Business Insider, October 20, 2025, https：//www.businessinsider.com/palmerluckey-anduril-china-27-strategy-war-taiwan-2025-10.
(3)“Auterion and Taiwan’s NCSIST Announce Strategic Partnership to Power Next-Generation Defense Drones”, Auterion, June 17, 2025, https：//auterion. com/auterion-and-taiwans-ncsist-announce-strategic-partnership-to-power-next-generation-defense-drones.
(1)“Shield AI and AIDC Sign Teaming Agreement to Advance Taiwan’s Defense Capabilities”,Shield AI, September 11, 2025, https：//shield. ai/shield-ai-and-aidc-sign-teaming-agreement-to-advance-taiwans-defense-capabilities.
(2)National Institute of Standards and Technology，“Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework”, January 2023, https：//nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.100-1.pdf.
(1)Federal Aviation Administration，“South by Southwest Press Event”, March 14, 2016,https：//www.faa.gov/news/speeches/news_story.cfm?newsId=20094.
(2)Adam Thierer，“Governing Emerging Technology in an Age of Policy Fragmentation and Disequilibrium”, American Enterprise Institute, April 2022, https：//platforms.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/RPT_Governing-Emerging-Tech_Thierer-2022.pdf.
(3)Daniel Byler, Beth Flores and Jason Lewis，“Using Advanced Analytics to Drive Regulatory Reform:Understanding Presidential Orders on Regulation Reform”, Deloitte Center for Government Insights, 2017, https：//www2. deloitte. com/us/en/pages/public-sector/articles/advanced-analytics-federalregulatory-reform.html.
(4)Department of State，“Export Controls Policy”, https：//2021-2025.state.gov/nonproliferationexport-controls/.
(5)Harriett Baldwin，“Critical Dual-Use Technologies:Commercial, Regulatory, Societal and National Security Challenges”, NATO Economics and Security Committee, August 26, 2024, https：//www. nato-pa. int/download-file? filename=/sites/default/files/2024-12/051%20ESC%2024%20E%20rev.2%20fin%20-%20CRITICAL%20DUAL-USE%20TECHNOLOGIES%20-%20BALDWIN%20REPORT.pdf.
(1)Congressional Research Service，“Emerging Military Technologies:Background and Issues for Congress”, February 22, 2024, https：//sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R46458.pdf?utm.
(2)Government Accountability Office，“Software Acquisition:Additional Actions Needed to Help DOD Implement Future Modernization Efforts”, April 2023, https：//www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-105611.pdf.
(3)James Ryseff, Jonathan Welch and Lewis Schneider，“Exploring Differences in Organizational Culture Within the Department of Defense”, Rand, June 22, 2023, https：//www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA2000/RRA2049-1/RAND_RRA2049-1.pdf; Brodi Kotila and Jeffrey A.Drezner，“Strengthening the Defense Innovation Ecosystem”, Rand, March 7, 2023, https：//www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA1300/RRA1352-1/RAND_RRA1352-1.pdf.
基本信息:
中图分类号:E712;F49
引用信息:
[1]司振环,刘国柱.美国数字国防公司的兴起[J].战略决策研究,2026,17(03):78-102+148-149.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项“战后美国科技创新体系形成、走势及启示研究”（项目编号：23VLS030）的阶段性成果
2026-03-25
2026-03-25
2026-03-25