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2025年的新版《国家安全战略》标志着美国战略方向的显著转向，宣告美国不再延续冷战后以自由主义霸权为核心的全球领导路径。特朗普第二任期的国家安全战略调整呈现出鲜明的“进攻性收缩”特征，在收缩全球承诺的同时，运用更为粗暴的干预手段，增强对关键区域、关键领域和关键节点的控制。特朗普政府选择“内病外治”路径，将应对国内挑战作为重塑国家安全议程的基本出发点，核心关切集中于移民治理、权利保护和经济安全三方面。在被视为核心安全空间的西半球，美国以极具进攻性的方式强化地区掌控力，试图构建具有“新门罗主义”色彩的美洲堡垒。为在全球事务中优化成本与提升回报，特朗普政府务实调整了大国竞争路线，力求压缩盟伴体系成本，对非核心区域事务实施选择性参与。
Abstract：The 2025 National Security Strategy marks a significant shift in the direction of U.S. grand strategy, signaling a departure from the post-Cold War pursuit of liberal hegemony as the foundation of American global leadership. The National Security Strategy adjustments undertaken during Donald Trump's second term exhibit a pronounced pattern of “offensive retrenchment”: while scaling back global commitments, the United States simultaneously strengthens its control over key regions, domains, and nodes, employing more coercive instruments of intervention. The Trump administration addresses domestic challenges as the fundamental starting point for restructuring the national security agenda. Its core concerns lie on migration governance, the protection of rights, and economic security. Regarding the Western Hemisphere as a core security space, the United States has aggressively strengthened its control, attempting to build an American Fortress with a neo-Monroe Doctrine. To optimize costs and enhance returns in global affairs, the Trump administration pragmatically adjusted its approach to great power competition, striving to reduce the costs of alliance system, while implementing selective engagement in non-core regions.
(1)本文对2025年美国《国家安全战略》报告原文的引用均来自：The White House，“National Security Strategy of the United States of America”,December 4,2025。
(1) Antony Lake，“From Containment to Enlargement”,Address at the School of Advanced International Studies,Johns Hopkins University,Washington,DC,September 21,1993,US Department of State Dispatch 4,No.39 (September 27,1993),p.658.
(1) William Kristol and Robert Kagan，“Toward a Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy”,Foreign Affairs,Vol.75,No.4,July/August,1996,pp.18-32.
(2) James M.Lindsay，“A New U.S.Grand Strategy:The Case for Liberal Internationalism,With G.John Ikenberry”,Council on Foreign Relations,May 7,2024,https：//www.cfr.org/podcasts/presidents-inbox/new-us-grand-strategy-case-liberal-internationalism-g-john-ikenberry.
(3)“The Fear and Weakness at the Heart of Trump's Strategy:A Conversation with Kori Schake”,The Foreign Affairs Interview,December 11,2025,https：//www.foreignaffairs.com/podcasts/fear-and-weakness-heart-trumps-strategy.
(1) Kori Schake，“Dispensable Nation:America in a Post-American World”,Foreign Affairs,Vol.104,No.4,2025.
(2) Christopher Preble et al.，“Experts React:Trump Administration's National Security Strategy”,December 9,2025,Stimson Center,https：//www.stimson.org/2025/experts-react-trump-administrations-national-security-strategy/.
(3) Zack Cooper，“An American Strategy for a Multipolar World”,in Emma Ashford and Nevada Joan Lee,eds.,2025,New Visions for Grand Strategy,The Stimson Center,Washington,D.C.,USA,p.39.
(4) George Beebe,et al.，“Trump 2.0:Restraint Foreign Policy Recommendations for Trump's Second Term”,Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft,December 19,2024,https：//quincyinst.org/research/trump-2-0-restraint-foreign-policy-recommendations-for-trumps-second-term/#.
(5) Stephen M.Walt，“Donald Trump Will Never Be a Restrainer”,Foreign Policy,September30,2025,https：//foreignpolicy.com/2025/09/30/donald-trump-foreign-policy-restrainer-realist-wardefense-diplomacy/.
(1) Michael Beckley，“A Free World That Works”,in Emma Ashford and Nevada Joan Lee,eds.,2025,New Visions for Grand Strategy,The Stimson Center,Washington,D.C.,USA,p.11.
(2) James M.Lindsay，“A New U.S.Grand Strategy:The Case for a Realist Foreign Policy,With Stephen Walt”,Council on Foreign Relations,August 26,2025,https：//www.cfr.org/podcasts/presidents-inbox/new-us-grand-strategy-case-realist-foreign-policy-stephen-walt.
(1)“Proclamation 10886-Declaring a National Emergency at the Southern Border of the United States”,The American Presidency Project,January 20,2025,https：//www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/proclamation-10886-declaring-national-emergency-the-southern-border-the-united-states.
(2) The White House，“Guaranteeing the States Protection against Invasion”,January 20,2025.
(3) Matthew Olay，“Pentagon Provides Update on Southern Border,Recruitment Numbers”,DOD News,July 2,2025,https：//www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/4234168/pentagonprovides-update-on-southern-border-recruitment-numbers/.
(4)该法案已于2023年5月失效。
(1) The White House，“Protecting the American People against Invasion”,January 20,2025.
(2)“Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship”,The White House,January 20,2025,https：//www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-ofamerican-citizenship/.
(3) The White House，“Realigning the United States Refugee Admissions Program”,January 25,2025.
(1) The White House，“Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship”,January20,2025.
(2) Bredan Carr，“Federal Communication Commission”,in Paul Dans and Steven Groves eds.,Mandate for Leadership:The Conservative Promise,The Heritage Foundation,2023,pp.845-859.
(3) Emma Woollacott，“Tech Projects Fight Back Against ICE Surveillance”,Forbes,January12,2026,https：//www.forbes.com/sites/emmawoollacott/2026/01/12/tech-projects-fight-back-againstice-surveillance/.
(1)徐以骅著：《特朗普政府时期的宗教与美国政治和外交》，宗教文化出版社2022年版，第11页。
(2) Irie Sentner，“Trump,Brushing aside Separation of Church and State,Establishes Religious Liberty Commission”,POLITICO,May 1,2025,https：//www.politico.com/news/2025/05/01/trump-religious-commission-church-state-00321814.
(3)参考张昭曦、韩亚峰：《特朗普阵营瓦解“深层政府”计划探析》，载《当代美国评论》2024年第3期，第86-107页。
(4) The White House，“Restoring Accountability to Policy-Influencing Positions within the Federal Workforce”,January 20,2025,https：//www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/restoringaccountability-to-policy-influencing-positions-within-the-federal-workforce/.
(1) The White House，“National Security Strategy of the United States of America”,December4,2025,p.5.
(1) Richard Haass，“The Trump Doctrine in Venezuela”,Project Syndicate,January 4,2026,https：//www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/us-venezuela-intervention-reflects-trump-national-security-strategy-by-richard-haass-2026-01.
(2) Inu Manak,et al.，“What Trump Trade Policy Has Achieved Since‘Liberation Day’”,Council on Foreign Relations,July 7,2025,https：//www.cfr.org/article/what-trump-trade-policy-hasachieved-liberation-day#chapter-title-0-7.
(3) The White House，“Fact Sheet:President Donald J.Trump Announces Historic Trade Deals with Western Hemisphere Trading Partners”,November 13,2025,https：//www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/11/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-announces-historic-trade-deals-with-western-hemispheretrading-partners/.
(1) The White House，“Fact Sheet:President Donald J.Trump Announces Historic Trade Deals with Western Hemisphere Trading Partners”,November 13,2025,https：//www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/11/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-announces-historic-trade-deals-with-western-hemispheretrading-partners/.
(2)参考Dan Steinbock，“Trump's National Security in the Multipolar World”,China-US Focus,December 10,2025,https：//www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/trumps-national-security-inthe-multipolar-world。
(1) Tressa Guenov，“The NSS avoids taking on US adversaries goals”,in“Experts react:What Trump's National Security Strategy means for US foreign policy”,Atlantic Council,December 5,2025,https：//www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/experts-react/experts-react-what-trumpsnational-security-strategy-means-for-us-foreign-policy/.
(2) The White House，“National Security Strategy of the United States of America”,December,2017,p.35.
(3) The White House，“National Security Strategy”,October,2023,p.23.
(4) Suisheng Zhao，“The Rise and Fall of a New Cold War:The US-China Great Power Rivalry from President Trump I to II”,Journal of Contemporary China,pp.1-18,doi:10.1080/10670564.2025.2601433.
(1)“The US Pivot on Regulating AI Diffusion”,The International Institute for Strategic Studies,December,2025,https：//www.iiss.org/publications/strategic-comments/2025/12/the-us-pivot-on-regulating-ai-diffusion/.
(1) Emma Ashford，“Four Explanatory Models for Trump's Chaos”,Foreign Policy,April 24,2025,https：//foreignpolicy.com/2025/04/24/trump-100-days-chaos-explanatory-models-foreign-policy/.
(2) Emily Harding，“The National Security Strategy:The Good,the Not So Great,and the Alarm Bells”,Center for Strategic and International Studies,December 5,2025,https：//www.csis.org/analysis/national-security-strategy-good-not-so-great-and-alarm-bells.
(3) Paul Mc Leary and Victor Jack，“Hegseth Warns of‘Costs on Russia’in Latest Sign of Shifting US Stance”,Politico,October 15,2025,https：//www.politico.com/news/2025/10/15/hegseth-criticism-russia-ukraine-00608885.
(4) Juan Mejino-López and Guntram B.Wolff，“Europe’s Dependence on US Foreign Military Sales and What to Do about It”,Bruegel,October 13,2025,https：//www.bruegel.org/policy-brief/europes-dependence-us-foreign-military-sales-and-what-do-about-it.
(1)赵明昊：《技术鹰派、国家安全与美国对华战略竞争》，载《国际安全研究》2025年第1期，第131页。
(1) The White House，“National Security Strategy of the United States of America”,December4,2025,p.28.
(2)“Signing of the Washington Accords for Peace and Prosperity Between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda”,U.S.Department of State,December 4,2025,https：//www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/signing-of-the-washington-accords-for-peace-and-prosperity-between-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-rwanda/.
基本信息:
中图分类号:D771.2
引用信息:
[1]赵明昊,王叶湑.进攻性收缩：特朗普2.0美国国家安全战略论析[J].战略决策研究,2026,17(02):42-61+126.